Ireland offers on-the-job training for many professions like data analyst, electrician, or motor engineer. We have compiled the most important facts on apprenticeship in Ireland.
In this article
Introduction
An apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). It can also be a program that combines on-the-job training with academic instruction for those entering the workforce. Apprenticeships provide a valuable way for people to learn skills and knowledge in various trades and professions while earning a wage. Apprenticeships are common in EU-countries as France, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, or Denmark.
Being a EU member state as well, Ireland also has a rich history of apprenticeships, dating back to the Middle Ages. Over the years, apprenticeships in Ireland have evolved and expanded, becoming a fundamental part of the Irish education and training system. Today, they form a significant part of Ireland’s strategy to enhance skills, ensure greater inclusivity in the labour market, and support economic development. As of 2021, there were over 18,000 apprentices in Ireland, enrolled in more than 50 apprenticeship programs across a wide range of sectors.
The importance and relevance of apprenticeships in Ireland today cannot be overstated. The Irish apprenticeship system plays a crucial role in fostering a skilled and adaptable workforce, providing valuable vocational alternatives to traditional academic routes, and responding to industry needs. Additionally, the system offers a pathway for learners to gain nationally and internationally recognized qualifications while gaining practical experience. As such, apprenticeships serve a dual purpose – they facilitate individual career progression and contribute to economic development.
Historical Background
The tradition of apprenticeships in Ireland dates back to the Middle Ages when craftsmen trained young people as their apprentices in various trades. This training method laid the foundation for skill development in various sectors of the economy. However, formal recognition and regulation of apprenticeships didn’t take shape until the early 20th century, marking significant milestones in the development of the Irish apprenticeship system.
In 1931, the Vocational Education Act helped establish a structure for vocational education and apprenticeship training in Ireland. This legislation laid the groundwork for the development of trade schools and Regional Technical Colleges (RTCs) across the country, many of which offered apprenticeship training. Post World War II, apprenticeship training became increasingly popular as a means of developing the technical skills required for Ireland’s rapidly industrializing economy.
The evolution of apprenticeships in Ireland saw significant change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Industrial Training Act of 1967 established AnCO, the national training authority responsible for promoting the training of persons in industry and commerce. AnCO later merged with other entities to form FÁS (Foras Áiseanna Saothair) in 1988, which was later replaced by SOLAS (the Further Education and Training Authority) in 2013. SOLAS now oversees the provision and quality assurance of further and higher education and training in Ireland, including apprenticeships. Over the years, apprenticeship programs in Ireland have expanded beyond traditional trades to include sectors such as ICT, finance, and logistics, reflecting the evolving needs of the Irish economy.
The Structure of the Irish Apprenticeship System
The Irish apprenticeship system is overseen by SOLAS, the Further Education and Training Authority, in partnership with the Higher Education Authority (HEA), Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI), the Department of Education and Skills, and other key stakeholders. This collaboration ensures that apprenticeships are industry-led, nationally recognized, and offer a blend of structured on-the-job training and academic learning.
Apprenticeships in Ireland are categorized into different levels, ranging from Level 5 (Craft) to Level 10 (Doctoral Degree), according to the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ). Each level corresponds to a specific set of skills and competencies, which determine the complexity, knowledge, and learning demand required of the apprentice. The duration of an apprenticeship can vary between 2 to 4 years, depending on the program and level.
Another important part of the structure is the ‘dual system’ which combines on-the-job training with off-the-job education. Apprentices are usually employed under a contract of apprenticeship and spend part of their time learning on the job with their employer and the rest attending off-the-job training in an educational institution. This dual system of training allows apprentices to gain hands-on experience while learning the theoretical aspects of their profession, making them well-rounded and adaptable professionals in their fields.
The Role of the Further Education and Training (FET) Strategy
The Further Education and Training (FET) Strategy plays an instrumental role in shaping apprenticeship training in Ireland. The FET strategy is a five-year plan developed by SOLAS that outlines the vision for the FET sector and its role in providing skills for the economy, supporting active inclusion, and creating pathways for learners.
One of the main objectives of the FET strategy is to expand and diversify apprenticeships to ensure they respond to the evolving needs of learners, employers, and the economy. For instance, the FET Strategy 2020-2024 targets the development of new apprenticeship programmes in areas with high skills demand such as digital technology, green economy, and healthcare.
The FET strategy also emphasizes improving the quality of apprenticeship training. SOLAS, in partnership with QQI, ensures that all apprenticeship programmes meet the national and international standards for quality and relevance. This is achieved through continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement of the programmes.
Furthermore, the FET strategy encourages greater participation in apprenticeships, particularly among under-represented groups. Efforts have been made to promote apprenticeships as a viable and valuable career path, and to eliminate barriers to participation such as gender bias and social stigma. This is integral to making the Irish apprenticeship system more inclusive and equitable.
Can applicants from abroad do an apprenticeship in Ireland?
Individuals from abroad can apply for an apprenticeship in Ireland under certain conditions. Here are the key criteria:
Eligibility:
- Age: Generally, applicants must be at least 16 years of age.
- Education: Applicants should have completed a minimum of Grade D in five subjects in the Department of Education & Skills Junior Certificate Examination or an approved equivalent, or have completed an approved Pre-Apprenticeship course, or be over 16 years of age and have three years’ work experience in a relevant activity is acceptable.
- Employment: The apprentice must be employed in their chosen occupation by an approved employer. For international candidates, this means finding an employer in Ireland who is willing to hire them as an apprentice.
Legal and Immigration Requirements:
- Permission to Work: Non-EEA nationals, unless they have specific permissions allowing them to work, are not allowed to engage in any work, paid or otherwise, in Ireland. Therefore, international applicants will need a valid work permit to engage in an apprenticeship. This often requires having a job offer from an employer. Citizens of EU/EEA do not have any restrictions.
- Visa Requirements: Depending on their nationality, international applicants may require a visa to enter Ireland. It’s crucial to check the specific requirements based on one’s home country.
- English Proficiency: Since the training will be in English, non-native speakers may need to prove their English language proficiency.
Types of Apprenticeships in Ireland
In Ireland, there is a wide range of apprenticeships available across a multitude of sectors, each responding to the varying needs of the economy. Traditionally, apprenticeships in Ireland were concentrated in areas such as construction, motor mechanics, electrical, and engineering. These remain popular, but in recent years there has been a significant expansion into new and emerging sectors.
The development of new apprenticeships in Ireland has been driven by the changing economic landscape and skills demands. The National Apprenticeship Advisory Committee, established under SOLAS, has been instrumental in this development, launching several new apprenticeships in sectors such as ICT, finance, biopharma, logistics, and hospitality. As of 2021, there are over 50 active apprenticeship programmes, with plans for more in development.
Two important apprenticeship categories in Ireland are the Craft Apprenticeship and the Green Apprenticeship. The Craft Apprenticeship includes traditional trades like plumbing, carpentry, and hairdressing. On the other hand, the Green Apprenticeship was launched more recently and is designed to build skills in renewable energy and sustainable technologies, reflecting Ireland’s commitment to a greener economy. Both categories reflect the diversity and adaptability of the Irish apprenticeship system in meeting the changing needs of learners and employers.
Regional clusters
Apprenticeships in Ireland are offered all across the country, with Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway, and Waterford typically having the highest concentration due to their status as major cities with significant industrial and commercial activities.
- Dublin: Being the capital and the largest city of Ireland, Dublin generally has the highest number of apprenticeships. The city is a major hub for businesses and industries, including finance, tech, construction, and hospitality, all sectors that frequently offer apprenticeship programs.
- Cork: Cork, the second largest city in Ireland, also has a substantial number of apprenticeships, particularly in areas like pharmaceuticals, food production, and IT services.
- Limerick, Galway, and Waterford: These cities also offer a considerable number of apprenticeships in a variety of sectors due to their growing economies and diverse industry bases.
Ireland’s rural economy is diverse, characterized by a range of sectors and occupations that contribute to its vibrancy and resilience. Agriculture is a key sector, with a long history and significant contribution to the rural economy. It encompasses various fields such as dairy farming, beef production, sheep farming, and crops like barley, wheat, and oats. Alongside traditional agriculture, there has been a growth in organic farming and artisan food production, driven by increasing consumer demand for locally-sourced and sustainable produce. Additionally, rural tourism, which leverages the beautiful Irish countryside, heritage, and culture, plays an important role in providing employment and stimulating economic activity in rural areas.
Aside from these sectors, public administration is also a significant employer in rural areas, providing a wide range of services, from education and healthcare to social services and local governance. Many local authorities and county councils offer apprenticeships in public administration and other fields, providing training and employment opportunities for people in rural areas. There are also a variety of training programs and apprenticeships related to the rural economy, such as those in agribusiness, horticulture, forestry, and equine studies. The Institutes of Technology and the Education and Training Boards (ETBs) often provide such programs, facilitating skill development and career progression in rural Ireland. These programs play a vital role in supporting the sustainability and development of the rural economy and community.
Sectors and professions with apprenticeships in Ireland
Apprenticeships in Ireland are available across a multitude of sectors. Here are some of the key sectors and a few typical professions within each:
1. Construction and Related Trades
- Carpenter and Joiner
- Plumber
- Electrician
- Painter and Decorator
- Brick and Stonelayer
2. Engineering and Manufacturing
- Mechanical Automation and Maintenance Fitter
- Toolmaking
- Aircraft Mechanics
- Sheet Metalwork
- Polymer Processing Technologist
3. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
- Network Engineer
- Software Developer
- Cybersecurity Technician
- Data Analyst
4. Motor and Transportation
- Heavy Vehicle Mechanic
- Vehicle Body Repairs
- Agricultural Mechanic
- Motor Mechanic
5. Finance and Accounting
- Insurance Practitioner
- Accountancy and Taxation Professional
- Financial Services Sales Advisor
6. Hospitality and Tourism
- Commis Chef
- Sous Chef
- Bartender
- Front Office Manager
7. Health and Beauty
- Hairdresser
- Beauty Therapist
- Fitness Instructor
8. Biopharma-Pharmachem
- Laboratory Technician
- Biotechnician
- Process Scientist
9. Logistics and Supply Chain
- Supply Chain Associate
- Freight Forwarding Operator
- Warehouse Operative
10. Green Energy and Sustainable Technologies
- Wind Turbine Maintenance Technician
- Energy Engineer
- Solar Photovoltaic Installer
Application and Selection Process
The process for applying and selection for apprenticeships in Ireland is generally direct, with the aim to identify candidates who demonstrate interest and aptitude for the chosen apprenticeship program. First, candidates must meet certain eligibility criteria, usually including a minimum age requirement (typically 16 years), and certain educational qualifications – often a Leaving Certificate or its equivalent. However, these prerequisites may vary depending on the specifics of the apprenticeship program.
The initial step in the application process involves securing an employer willing to hire and sponsor the apprentice throughout the apprenticeship duration. Several online platforms, including the official SOLAS website and other industry-specific job portals, advertise apprenticeship vacancies. Upon agreement to hire the apprentice, the employer is responsible for registering the apprentice with SOLAS.
The selection process can differ depending on the apprenticeship program and the employer, often encompassing an interview and possibly aptitude tests or skills assessments. This process aims to evaluate the candidate’s suitability for the apprenticeship, considering their interest in the field, their learning potential for the required skills, and their commitment to complete the apprenticeship program. Once selected, the apprentice and their employer enter into a contract of apprenticeship, marking the beginning of the apprenticeship.
It’s important to note that due to competition, particularly for popular apprenticeship programs, the application and selection process can be challenging. As such, potential apprentices are advised to prepare thoroughly and ensure they meet all eligibility and selection criteria.
Follow these detailed steps to successfully apply for an apprenticeship in Ireland. Each step provides important guidance to help you navigate the application process.
Research Apprenticeship Opportunities
Begin by researching the different apprenticeship opportunities available in Ireland. Look for apprenticeships in industries that align with your interests and career goals. Explore apprenticeship websites, job portals, and reach out to local employers to gather information on available programs and entry requirements. This research will help you make informed decisions about which apprenticeships to apply for and increase your chances of finding the right opportunity for you.
Review Entry Requirements
Carefully review the entry requirements for each apprenticeship program you are interested in. These requirements may include educational qualifications, specific subject prerequisites, age limits, and any additional skills or experiences needed. Ensure that you meet all the stated criteria before proceeding with your application. If you don’t meet certain requirements, consider alternative pathways or upgrading your skills to become eligible for your desired apprenticeship.
Prepare a Professional CV
Craft a professional and tailored CV that highlights your relevant skills, educational background, and any relevant work experience or extracurricular activities. Emphasize your passion for the chosen industry and your motivation to excel in an apprenticeship. Proofread your CV thoroughly, ensuring it is well-structured and free of any errors or typos. Consider seeking guidance from career counselors or mentors to create an impactful CV that stands out to potential employers.
Write a Compelling Cover Letter
Compose a well-written cover letter that complements your CV and showcases your enthusiasm for the apprenticeship. Highlight your relevant skills, experiences, and personal qualities that make you a suitable candidate. Customize each cover letter for the specific apprenticeship you are applying to, addressing the employer’s requirements and explaining why you are interested in their program. Use clear and concise language, and proofread carefully to ensure accuracy and professionalism.
Prepare for Interviews and Assessments
If shortlisted, be prepared for interviews and assessments as part of the selection process. Research common interview questions and practice your responses. Demonstrate your knowledge of the apprenticeship field, the company or organization offering the program, and show your enthusiasm for learning and contributing. Additionally, be prepared for practical assessments or aptitude tests that may assess your skills relevant to the apprenticeship. Practice and preparation will help you feel more confident and perform better during these stages of the application process.
Submit Your Application
Carefully follow the application instructions provided by each apprenticeship program. Submit your application within the specified deadline, ensuring that all required documents, such as your CV, cover letter, and academic transcripts, are included. Double-check for completeness and accuracy before sending. If submitting online, make sure your application is properly uploaded or emailed as per the guidelines. Keep track of the application deadlines and follow up if necessary to confirm receipt of your application.
Future Prospects of Apprenticeship in Ireland
Looking towards the future, the prospects of apprenticeships in Ireland appear promising and multifaceted. With the ongoing commitment from the government and industry to strengthen and expand the apprenticeship system, it is expected to play an even more significant role in Ireland’s skills strategy and workforce development.
One of the key future trends is the diversification and expansion of apprenticeship programs. SOLAS and the National Apprenticeship Advisory Committee continue to work towards launching new apprenticeships in sectors with high skills demand and growth potential, such as digital technology, green economy, healthcare, and data analysis. This development not only provides more opportunities for apprentices but also ensures that the apprenticeship system remains responsive to the evolving needs of the economy and labour market.
Another notable future prospect is the increased focus on inclusivity and diversity in apprenticeships. Efforts are underway to promote greater participation of under-represented groups, including women, people with disabilities, and individuals from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This focus aligns with the broader societal goals of equal opportunity and social inclusion, and is expected to make the apprenticeship system more equitable and representative.
Digitalisation of apprenticeships also presents significant future prospects. With advancements in technology and the shift towards remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased potential for incorporating digital elements in apprenticeship training. This could include online learning modules, virtual reality training, and digital competency development, all of which can enhance the learning experience and outcomes for apprentices.